Some examples of megaprojects are:
Aerospace projects
• Airbus A380 (2007)
• B-2 Spirit (1997)
• Boeing 747 (1970)
• Eurofighter Typhoon (2003)
• F-22 Raptor (2005)
• Joint Strike Fighter (In progress)
• KH-11 reconnaissance satellite (1976-1990)
Airport projects
• Abu Dhabi International Airport, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
• Alcochete Airport, Portugal
• Athens International Airport, Athens, Greece
• Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi, India
• New Islamabad International Airport, Islamabad, Pakistan
• Beijing Capital International Airport, Beijing, People's Republic of China
• Berlin-Brandenburg International Airport, Berlin, Germany
• Denver International Airport, Denver, Colorado, USA
• Diosdado Macapagal International Airport, Manila, Philippines
• Dubai International Airport, Dubai, UAE
• Dubai World Central International Airport, Jebel Ali, UAE
• Frankfurt Airport, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
• Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
• Incheon International Airport, Incheon, South Korea
• Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
• Hong Kong International Airport, Hong Kong, China
• Kansai International Airport, Japan
• Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Malaysia
• London Heathrow Airport, Terminal 5, London, UK
• Long Thanh International Airport, Vietnam
• Madrid Barajas International Airport, Madrid, Spain
• O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, Illinois, USA
• Suvarnabhumi Airport, Bangkok, Thailand
• New Doha International Airport, Doha, Qatar
Building projects
• The Centaurus, Islamabad, Pakistan (Est. 2010)
• World Trade Center, New York City, New York (1973)
• Berlin Hauptbahnhof (Central Station), Berlin, Germany (2006)
• Burj Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (Est. 2009)
• Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York, USA (1978)
• Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, USA (2009)
• Jamuna Future Park in Dhaka, Bangladesh (Est. 2010)
• Pagcor Tower, Manila, Philippines (Est. 2012)
• Jakarta Tower, Jakarta, Indonesia (Est. 2011)
• Palace of the Parliament, Bucharest, Romania (1989)
• Parliament House, Canberra, Australia (1988)
• Petronas Twin Towers, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1998)
• Sydney Opera House, Australia (1973)
• Taipei 101, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (2004)
• The new Wembley Stadium in London, UK (2007)
• CN Tower, Toronto, Canada (1976)
• Sears Tower, Chicago, USA (1973)
• Empire State building, New York City, USA (1931)
Canal projects
• Arabian Canal, United Arab Emirates
• Danube-Black Sea Canal, Romania
• Erie Canal, New York
• Grand Canal, China
• Grand Korean Waterway
• Kiel Canal, Germany
• Panama Canal and Panama Canal expansion project, Panama
• Suez Canal, Egypt
• Welland Canal, Ontario, Canada
Dam Projects
• Aswan Dam, Egypt
• Katse Dam, Lesotho
• Alqueva, Portugal
• Hoover Dam, USA
• Itaipu, Brazil
• Sayano–Shushenskaya Dam, Russia (1961-78)
• Three Gorges Dam, China
• Tennessee Valley Authority, USA
• The Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Project, Iceland
• Diamer-Bhasha dam, Pakistan
Defense Projects
• Great Wall of China
• Maginot Line
• Hadrian's Wall, UK
• Strategic Defense Initiative (never fully implemented)
• Manhattan Project and other nuclear weapons programs, including the one that built the Tsar Bomba
• Željava Air Base
International Sports infrastructure projects
• Cricket World Cup
• FIFA World Cup
• Olympic Games
• Rugby World Cup
IT projects
• Enabling Grids for E-sciencE: Multi-science Grid infrastructure for the European Research Area. Already largest multi-science Grid infrastructure in the world and expected to greatly expand once the LHC is completed.
• National Programme for IT for England's National Health Service
• Navy/Marine Corps Intranet
• IBM 360
• The National Broadband Network, a FTTP network under construction in Australia, proposing to reach 90% of homes.
Oil and Gas projects
• Southstream pipeline
• Athabasca Oil Sands
• Corrib Gas Project
• Hibernia
• Nord Stream
• Sakhalin-I
• Trans-Alaska Pipeline System
• Peregrino
Port projects
• Punta Colonet in Baja California, Mexico
• Port of Rotterdam
• Yangshan port.
• Port of Sines, Portugal
Rail and rapid transit projects
• Beijing Subway, Beijing, People's Republic of China
• Athens Metro, Athens, Greece
• Bay Area Rapid Transit System, San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA
• Extension of Line 1 Lima Metro
• Canada Line in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
• Crossrail, London, UK
• North West Metro between the CBD and Northwestern suburbs of Sydney, Australia
• Channel tunnel between France and the UK
• Delhi Metro, New Delhi, India
• Dubai Metro in Dubai
• Gautrain in Gauteng, South Africa between Johannesburg and Pretoria
• Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland.
• Great Belt Fixed Link, Denmark
• High Speed 1, Ebbsfleet International, London, UK
• High-speed railway to Jerusalem, (Israel Railways), Israel
• London Underground
• Marmaray in Istanbul, Turkey, an express railway system connecting Europe and Asia under waters of Bosphorus.
• Qingzang railway in Qinghai and Tibet, China
• Seattle Light Rail, Seattle, USA
• Second Avenue Subway, New York City, USA
• Seikan Tunnel in Japan
• Shanghai Metro, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
• Jakarta Mass Rapid Transportation Project, Jakarta, Indonesia
• Transcontinental railroads
• Washington Metro, Washington, D.C., USA
• Transit City, Toronto, Canada
• Taiwan High Speed Rail, Taiwan, ROC
Road traffic projects
• Bang Na Expressway, Thailand, Bang Na Expressway- World's longest bridge by one reading (most of it isn't a bridge.)
• Sunda Strait Bridge, Indonesia, Southeast-asian longest oversea bridge
• Rio-Antirio Bridge, Greece, Europe's largest cable-stayed bridge
• Rio-Niterói Bridge, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
• Egnatia Odos, Greece
• A1 (Croatia) between Zagreb and Split, with extension being built to Dubrovnik, Croatia
• A3 motorway (Romania) between Braşov and Oradea
• A4 motorway (Romania) between Iaşi and Târgu Mureş
• Bundesautobahn 20, Germany
• Central Artery/Tunnel Project, more popularly known as the "Big Dig"), Boston, Massachusetts, USA[3]
• National Highways Development Project, India
• Port Tunnel Dublin, Republic of Ireland
• Expressway Network of the People's Republic of China
• Fehmarn Belt bridge and its connections on land, linking Denmark and Germany
• Interstate Highway System, United States of America
• Millau Viaduct, France
• Oresund Bridge and its connections on land, like the City Tunnel, Malmö.
• Roman road system of antiquity
• Vasco da Gama Bridge, Portugal, Europe's largest bridge
• Karakoram Highway, Pakistan, Highest paved international road in the world
Science projects
• International Space Station, multinational space station in low Earth orbit (1998-2016)
• ITER International nuclear fusion project, in France (Est. 2018)
• Large Hadron Collider 14 TeV particle accelerator, in Switzerland and France (2008)
• Superconducting Super Collider, canceled 40 TeV particle accelerator, in Texas (1991-1993)
• Manhattan Project, in the United States (1945)
• Project Apollo (1960-1975)
• Soviet Moonshot, canceled moon landing program (1962-1969)
• Project Constellation, planned moon landing spacecraft and space shuttle replacement (Ongoing)
• Space Shuttle program (1972-2010)
• Buran program, canceled space shuttle program (1980-1993)
• Human Genome Project, investigation to determine human genetic code (Ongoing)
Urban projects
• HafenCity in Hamburg, Germany
• Brasília in Brazil
• Jakarta Waterfront City, in Jakarta, Indonesia
• Satrio International Tourism and Shopping belt, in Jakarta, Indonesia
• Ciudad Universitaria in Mexico City, Mexico
• Dubailand in Dubai
• Esplanada City Center, Bucharest, Romania
• Expo 98/Park of the Nations in Lisbon, Portugal
• Iskandar Development Region in Johor, Malaysia
• Putrajaya, Malaysia
• King Abdullah Economic City, Saudi Arabia
• La Défense in Paris, France
• Liverpool One, Liverpool, England
• Lusail City, Doha, Qatar
• Moscow-City in Moscow, Russia
• New Songdo City in Incheon, South Korea
• Okhta Center in Saint Petersburg, Russia
• Pagcor City in Metro Manila, The Philippines
• Palm Islands, The World (archipelago) and Dubai Waterfront in Dubai
• Potsdamer Platz in Berlin, Germany
• Project CityCenter in Las Vegas, USA
• Dublin Docklands in Dublin, Republic of Ireland
Water infrastructure projects
• Chicago River reversing its course, Chicago
• Deep Tunnel Project, Chicago
• Delta Works, Netherlands
• East Bay Municipal Utility District in Oakland, California, USA[4]
• Great Manmade River, Libya
• G-Cans project, Saitama, Japan
• HaMovil HaArtzi (National Water Carrier), Israel
• MOSE Project, Venice, Italy
• Zuiderzee Works, Netherlands
• New York City Water Tunnel No. 3, New York, New York
• Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel (SMART), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• Snowy Mountains Scheme in New South Wales/Victoria, Australia
• South-North Water Transfer Project, China
• State Water Project, California
• Thames Tideway Scheme, London, United Kingdom
• Thames Barrier, London, United Kingdom
Climate and environmental change projects
• Proposed sahara forest project
• Seawater Greenhouse
• Great Plains Shelterbelt
• Green Wall of China
• Aerially Delivered Re-forestation and Erosion Control System
No comments:
Post a Comment